PIV  has  become  the  measurement  tool for experimental research in turbulent flows. The main advantage is the possibility to characterise turbulent flow structures and the instantaneous vorticity. Because the entire instantaneous flow field is measured a recourse to the Taylor hypothesis to interpret temporal data to instantaneous spatial data is avoided. The use of PIV/PTV has lead to novel insights in the turbulence dynamics that cannot be captured by single-probe methods. For example, it appears that turbulence contains layered structures that have properties similar to that of the turbulent/non-turbulent interface. Such findings lead to novel insights and may have consequences for understanding the transport phenomena in turbulent flows.